JAVA IO

将自己看作为程序，将数据输出到文件中，称之为输出。
从文件读取数据到程序，称为输出。

JAVA流操作主要分为字节流、字符流。

字节流鼻祖：InputStream\OutpuStream
字符流鼻祖:Reader\Writer

File

1、File常用方法

package learn.javase;

import java.io.File;
/**
 * File常用操作
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class FileDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File file = new File("H://");
        //此抽象路径名表示的文件或目录的名称；如果路径名的名称序列为空，则返回空字符串
        System.out.println(file.getName());
        //返回文件大小
        System.out.println(file.length());
        //返回绝对路径
        System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
        //绝对路径名
        System.out.println(file.getAbsoluteFile());
        //父目录
        System.out.println(file.getParentFile());
        //是否存在
        System.out.println(file.exists());
        //是否是目录
        System.out.println(file.isDirectory());
        //返回路径下的文件或文件夹
        System.out.println(file.list());
        
        for(String path : file.list()) {
            //获取路径
            System.out.println(path);
        }
        //可用的文件系统根
        System.out.println("listRoots:"+file.listRoots());
        
        for(File f : file.listFiles()) {
            System.out.println("111"+f);
            System.out.println(f.list());
            System.out.println(f.length());
            System.out.println("111"+f.listRoots());
        }
    }
}

2、实例

遍历所有文件

package learn.javase;

import java.io.File;
/**
 * 遍历文件
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class SearchFIles {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        File  file = new File("H:\\");
        findFile(file);
        
    }
    
    public static void findFile(File file) {
        System.out.println("--"+file);
        File[] array = file.listFiles();
        for(File f : array) {
            if(f.isDirectory()) {
                findFile(f);
            }else {
                System.out.println(f);
            }
        }
    }

}

3、文件过滤器

通过文件过滤器，查询所有.java文件

package learn.javase;

import java.io.File;
/**
 * FileFilter文件过滤器
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class FileFilterDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File f = new File("H:\\");
        File [] filsArray =f.listFiles(new MyFilter());
        for(File file : filsArray) {
            System.out.println("路径: "+file+"大小: "+file.length());
        }
    }
}

文件过滤器实现：

package learn.javase;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileFilter;
/**
 * 利用文件过滤器筛选文件FileFilter
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class MyFilter implements FileFilter{

    @Override
    public boolean accept(File pathname) {
        return pathname.getName().endsWith(".java");
    }
    

}

字节流

字节输出流

package learn.javase;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 字节输出流，写入文件
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class FileOutpuStream {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("H://fileoutputstream.txt");
        fos.write(2014);
        byte[] b = {66,67,68,69};
        fos.write(b);
        fos.write(b,1,2);
        fos.write("Hello World".getBytes());
        fos.close();
    }

}

File对象:

package learn.javase;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 字节输出流
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class FileOutPutStream2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{

        File f = new File("H://111.txt");
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(f, true);
        fos.write("Hello\r\n".getBytes());
        fos.write("World".getBytes());
        fos.close();
    }

}

字节输入流

实例：利用字节输入输出流拷贝文件

package learn.javase;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 利用字节输入输出流拷贝文件
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class FileInPutStream02 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

//        try {
//            getLdfdas();
//        } catch (IOException e) {
//            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
//            e.printStackTrace();
//        }
        getAll();
    }
    
    private static void getLdfdas() throws IOException{
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("H:\\222.txt");
        //创建字节数组
        byte[] b = new byte[1024];
        
        int len = 0 ;
        while( (len = fis.read(b)) !=-1){
            System.out.print(new String(b,0,len));
        }
        fis.close();
    }

    public static void getAll() {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("H:\\222.txt");
            byte[] b = new byte[1024];
            
            int len = 0;
            while( (len = fis.read(b)) !=-1) {
                System.out.println(new String(b,0,len));
            }
        }catch(IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("读取失败，请重试");
        }finally {
            try {
                fis.close();
            }catch(IOException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException("流关闭失败");
            }
            
        }
    }
}

异常处理

package learn.javase;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 输出流异常处理
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class IoTryCatch {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            File f = new File("H://222.txt");
            fos = new FileOutputStream(f, true);
            fos.write("Hello\r\nWorld".getBytes());
        }catch(IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException("写入失败，请重试");
        }finally {
            if(null!=fos) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                }catch(IOException ex) {
                    System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
                    throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

实例

利用字节流拷贝文件：

package learn.javase;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
/**
 * 基于输入、输出流的文件拷贝
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class CopyFIleDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        copyFiles();
    }
    
    public static void copyFiles() {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("H:\\1.exe");
            fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\new1.exe");
            byte[] b = new byte[1024];
            int len =0;
            while((len=fis.read(b))!=-1) {
                fos.write(b,0,len);
            }
        }catch(Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException("复制失败");
        }finally {
            if(null!=fos) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                }catch(Exception e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("输出流关闭失败");
                }finally {
                    try {
                        if(null!=fis) {
                            fis.close();
                        }
                    }catch(Exception e) {
                        System.out.println(e.getMessage());
                        throw new RuntimeException("输入流关闭失败");
                    }
                }
                
            }
        }
    }

}

字符流

字节输出流

package learn.javase;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 字符输出流，写文件
 */
public class FileWriteDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("H://write.txt");
        char[] c = {'a','b','v','d'};
        fw.write(c,1,2);
        fw.flush();
        fw.close();
    }
}

字符输入流

package learn.javase;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 字符输入流，读取文件
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class FileReaderDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        FileReader fr = new FileReader("H:\\write.txt");
        char[] c = new char[1024];
        int len =0;
        while((len = fr.read(c)) != -1) {
            System.out.println(new String(c, 0, len));
        }
        fr.close();
    }

}

实例

理由字符流拷贝文件：

package learn.javase;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 利用字符输入流、字符输出流拷贝文本文件
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class CopyTxtFile {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FileReader fr = null;
        FileWriter fw = null;
        try {
            fr = new FileReader("H:\\write.txt");
            fw = new FileWriter("I:\\copytxt.txt");
            char[] c = new char[1024];
            int len =0;
            while((len = fr.read(c)) != -1) {
                fw.write(c, 0, len);
                fw.flush();
            }
            System.out.println("文本文件复制成功");
        }catch(Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("复制失败，请重试!");
        }finally {
            if(null != fw) {
                try {
                    fw.close();
                }catch(IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("字符输入流关闭失败！");
                }finally {
                    if(null != fr) {
                        try {
                            fr.close();
                        }catch(IOException e) {
                            throw new RuntimeException("字符输出流关闭失败！");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

转换流

利用转换流InputStreamReader：将字节流转成字符流

package learn.javase;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
/**
 * 利用转换流InputStreamReader：将字节流转成字符流
 * @author Jole
 * 与字节流的区别在于可以设置写入、写出时文件的编码集
 */
public class InputStreamReaderDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            myInputStreamReader();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void myInputStreamReader() throws IOException{
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream("H:\\zz.txt");
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "GBK");
        int len =0;
        char[] c = new char[1024];
        while((len = isr.read(c)) != -1) {
            System.out.println(new String(c, 0 ,len));
        }
        isr.close();
    }

}

缓冲流

缓冲流-字节输出流

package learn.javase;

import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 字节缓冲输出流
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class BufferedOutputStreamDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            bufferWriter();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void bufferWriter() throws IOException{
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("H:\\c.txt"));
        bos.write("Hello world".getBytes());
        bos.flush();
        bos.close();
    }
}

缓冲流-字节输入流

package learn.javase;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 字节缓冲输入流，读取文件
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class BufferInputStreamDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        try {
            bufferInputTxt();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void bufferInputTxt() throws IOException {
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("H:\\c.txt"));
        byte[]  b = new byte[1024];
        int len =0;
        while((len = bis.read(b)) != -1) {
            System.out.print(new String(b, 0 , len));
        }
    }

}

缓冲流-字符输出流

package learn.javase;

import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 字符缓冲输出流，独有writeLine()换行与平台无关
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class BufferWriterDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            bufferWrited();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void bufferWrited() throws IOException{
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("H:\\zxw.txt"));
        bw.write("Hello World");
        bw.newLine();
        bw.flush();
        bw.close();
    }

}

缓冲输-字符输入流

package learn.javase;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 字符缓冲输入流，独有readlin方法
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class BufferedReaderDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            bufferReadered();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void bufferReadered() throws IOException{
        int n=0;
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("H:\\zxw.txt"));
        String len =null;
        while((len = br.readLine()) != null) {
            n++;
            System.out.println(n+"\t"+len);
            
        }
        br.close();
    }
}

对象流

序列化

利用对戏那个输入输出流，进行序列化与反序列化

package learn.javase;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
/**
 * 利用对戏那个输入输出流，进行序列化与反序列化
 * 实现Serializable接口的目的是为了可以被序列化，
 * transient关键字标记的标量 不会被序列化
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class ObjectLiu {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException{
        //序列化
//        objectOutputStreamInfo();
        //反序列化
        objectinputStreamInfo();
    }
    
    
    public static void objectOutputStreamInfo() throws IOException{
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("H:\\z2.txt"));
        Persion persion = new Persion("zhangsan",30);
        oos.writeObject(persion);
        oos.close();
    }
    
    public static void objectinputStreamInfo() throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException{
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("H:\\z2.txt"));
        Persion persion = (Persion)ois.readObject();
        System.out.println(persion);
        ois.close();
    }

}

实现Serializable接口的目的是为了可以被序列化:

package learn.javase;

import java.io.Serializable;
/**
 * 实现Serializable接口的目的是为了可以被序列化，
 * transient关键字标记的标量不会被序列化
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class Persion implements Serializable{

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2056540569585913293L;
    private String name;
    private transient int age;
    
    public Persion(String name, int age) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Persion() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Persion [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
    }
    
}

打印流

利用打印流复制文件：设计打印机流自动刷新（流对象才支持自动刷新，File、字符串不支持自动刷新）

package learn.javase;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
 * 利用打印流复制文件：设计打印机流自动刷新（流对象才支持自动刷新，File、字符串不支持自动刷新）
 * PrintStream\PrintWriter
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class PrintLiu {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        copyFiles();
    }
    
    public static void copyFiles() throws IOException{
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("H:\\zz.txt"));
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("D:\\zz.txt"));
        String len = null;
        while((len = br.readLine()) != null) {
            pw.println(len);
        }
        pw.close();
        br.close();
    }

}

Properties

读取Properties文件的值和写入值

package learn.javase;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
 * Properties的load(),store方法
 * 读取Properties文件的值和写入值
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class PropertiesDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        function();
    }
    
    public static void function() throws IOException{
        Properties pro = new Properties();
        FileInputStream fs = new FileInputStream("H:\\pro.properties");
        pro.load(fs);
        fs.close();
        FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("H:\\1.properties");
        pro.store(fw, "add");
        fw.close();
        System.out.println(pro);
    }

}

开源工具Commons-IO

FilenameUtils

package learn.javase.utils;

import org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils;
/**
 * Commons-io工具类 FilenameUtis常用方法
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class CommonsIODemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //打印后缀，没有则为空
        String name = FilenameUtils.getExtension("demo.java");
        System.out.println(name);
        
        //获取文件名
        String fileName = FilenameUtils.getName("H:\\z.txt");
        System.out.println(fileName);
        
        //判断后缀名
        boolean Extension = FilenameUtils.isExtension("World.java", "java");
        System.out.println(Extension);
        
    }

}

FileUtils

package learn.javase.utils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
/**
 * 利用开源工具Commons-IO中的FileUtils工具类进行文件的常规操作
 * @author Jole
 *
 */
public class CommonsIOFileUtils {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        //读文件
        String string = FileUtils.readFileToString(new File("H:\\zz.txt"));
        System.out.println(string);
        
        //写文件
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File("H:\\cc.txt"), "Look ME");
        
        //复制文件
        FileUtils.copyFile(new File("H:\\z.txt"), new File("D:\\xx.txt"));
        
        //复制文件夹
        FileUtils.copyDirectoryToDirectory(new File("H:\\a"), new File("D:\\a"));
    }

}

注意点

1、每种流的特有方法

2、异常的处理

3、一定要关闭流

4、哪种情况选择哪种流