JAVA8-Optional API Optional API一、Optional创建方式前置条件：Insurance对象：public class Insurance { private String name; public String getName() { return name; } }1、empty特点：使用get()方法时会抛出异常：No value present范例：Optional<Insurance> emptyOptional = Optional.<Insurance>empty();使用get（）获取结果：抛出异常emptyOptional.get();输出结果:Exception in thread "main" java.util.NoSuchElementException: No value present at java.base/java.util.Optional.get(Optional.java:148)2、of特点：使用get（）,不会抛异常范例：Optional<Insurance> ofInsurance = Optional.of(new Insurance()); ofInsurance.get();3、ofNullable特点：上面两者综合，为null是掉empty，不为空调of。3.1、为null时，调get()抛出异常范例： Optional<Insurance> ofNullableOptionalNull = Optional.ofNullable(null); ofNullableOptionalNull.get();输出结果：Exception in thread "main" java.util.NoSuchElementException: No value present3.2、不为null时，调get()不报错范例： Optional<Insurance> ofNullableOptionalNotNull = Optional.ofNullable(new Insurance()); ofNullableOptionalNotNull.get();二、orElseGet、orElse、orElseThrow不管那种方式创建，都适用这几个方法。1、orElseGet说明：不为null就返回值，为null返回一个构造的对象supplier范例：Insurance orElseGetInsurance = ofNullableOptionalNull.orElseGet(Insurance::new); System.out.println(orElseGetInsurance);2、orElse说明：不为null就返回值，否则返回一个引用范例：Insurance orElseInsurance = ofNullableOptionalNull.orElse(new Insurance()); System.out.println(orElseInsurance);3、orElseThrow说明：不为null就返回值，否则返回一个异常对象范例：Insurance orElseThrowInsurance = ofNullableOptionalNull.orElseThrow(RuntimeException::new);输出结果：抛出运行时异常Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException at java.base/java.util.Optional.orElseThrow(Optional.java:408)4、orElseThrow说明：不为null就返回值，否则返回一个自定义异常对象范例：ofNullableOptionalNull.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("yanxizhu Exception"));输出结果：抛出自定义异常Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: yanxizhu Exception三、filter先判断传入predicate是否null，让然后判断predicate传入字段是否存在，不存在：返回this。存在：判断predicate条件是否成立，成立：返回this，不成立：返回空。源码: public Optional<T> filter(Predicate<? super T> predicate) { //1、判断传入参数predicate是否为null Objects.requireNonNull(predicate); //2、判断t.getName是否存在， if (!isPresent()) { //2.1、不存在，返回predicate return this; } else { //2.2、存在：判断predicate条件是否成立，成立返回this，不成立返回empty() return predicate.test(value) ? this : empty(); } }requireNonNull()源码：判断传入T是否为null public static <T> T requireNonNull(T obj) { if (obj == null) throw new NullPointerException(); return obj; }范例：使用前创建Optional对象：1、创建Optinal，get()会抛出异常 Optional<Insurance> emptyOptional = Optional.<Insurance>empty(); 2、of创建，get（）,不会抛异常 Optional<Insurance> ofInsurance = Optional.of(new Insurance()); 3、ofNullable：上面两者综合 3.1、为null时，调get()抛出异常：No value present Optional<Insurance> ofNullableOptionalNull = Optional.ofNullable(null); 3.2、不为null时，调get()不报错 Optional<Insurance> ofNullableOptionalNotNull = Optional.ofNullable(new Insurance());使用demo1： Optional<Insurance> insurance = emptyOptional.filter(t -> t.getName() == null); Optional<Insurance> insurance = emptyOptional.filter(t -> t.getName() != null); insurance.get();结果：//调用get（）,都会报错：No value present: 因为name字段不存在使用demo2：范例1：Optional<Insurance> insurance = ofInsurance.filter(t -> t.getName() == null); insurance.get(); 结果：//不报错，因为name字段存在，且满足name==null范例2：Optional<Insurance> insurance = ofInsurance.filter(t -> t.getName() != null); insurance.get(); 结果：//报错，因为name虽然存在，但是name!=null,不成立，会返回empty空，使用get()时就会抛出异常：No value present使用demo3： Optional<Insurance> insurance = ofNullableOptionalNull.filter(t -> t.getName() != null); Optional<Insurance> insurance = ofNullableOptionalNull.filter(t -> t.getName() == null); insurance.get();结果：//都报错：ofNullableOptional,会走empty创建的Optional，字段不存在，直接get获取值为空，报错：No value present使用demo4：范例1：Optional<Insurance> insurance = ofNullableOptionalNotNull.filter(t -> t.getName() == null); insurance.get(); 结果：//不会报错,走of方法创建的Optional，name字段存在，且name==null，所以不报错范例2：Optional<Insurance> insurance = ofNullableOptionalNotNull.filter(t -> t.getName() != null); insurance.get(); 结果：//报错，因为虽然name存在，但是name!=null不成立，返回empty，get(）就报错了filter，总结：使用时不确定是否为empty，所以直接使用ofNullableOptional创建Optional.四、map使用任何方式创建的Opional,map会将结果再包装成Optionla。范例： //map使用 Optional<String> stringOptional = ofNullableOptionalNotNull.map(t -> t.getName()); //有值则返回，没值则返回给定值 System.out.println(stringOptional.orElse("-1")); //判断值是否存在 System.out.println(stringOptional.isPresent()); //存在值，则打印输出，没有值，不打印。 stringOptional.ifPresent(System.out::println);五、flatMap不会将结果再包装成Optional范例：前置条件 @Data public class Cat { private Optional<Eat> eat; } @Data public class Eat { private String foodName; private Integer weight; }使用： //创建Optional对象 Optional<Cat> cat = Optional.ofNullable(new Cat()); //map将结果包装成Optional Optional<Optional<Eat>> eat = cat.map(c -> c.getEat()); //flatMap不会 Optional<Eat> eat1 = cat.flatMap(c -> c.getEat());map与flatMap区别：map将结果包装成Optional，flatMap不会。六、实列实列1、获取值之前判断值是否为空 public static String getInsuranceName(Insurance insurance) { Optional<String> optional = Optional.ofNullable(insurance).map(Insurance::getName); return optional.orElse("-1"); }实列2、根据用户拿到保险名字package com.example.study.java8.optional; import java.util.Optional; /** * 根据用户拿到保险名字 */ public class NullPointerException { public static void main(String[] args) { //肯定会包空指针异常 // String insuranceNameByPerson = getInsuranceNameByPerson(new Person()); //原始写法,做了空指针判断 String insuranceNameByCheckPerson = getInsuranceNameByCheckPerson(new Person()); // System.out.println(insuranceNameByCheckPerson); //Opional写法 String insuranceNameByOptional = getInsuranceNameByOptional(null); System.out.println(insuranceNameByOptional); } //Opional写法 public static String getInsuranceNameByOptional(Person person) { return Optional.ofNullable(person) .map(Person::getCar) .map(Car::getInsurance) .map(Insurance::getName) .orElse("-1"); } //flatMap不会把结果包装成Optional，map会。 //原始写法判断 public static String getInsuranceNameByCheckPerson(Person person) { if(null != person) { if(null != person.getCar()) { Car car = person.getCar(); if (null != car) { Insurance insurance = car.getInsurance(); if (null != insurance) { return insurance.getName(); } } } } return "UNKNOWN"; } public static String getInsuranceNameByPerson(Person person){ return person.getCar().getInsurance().getName(); } }

JAVA8-Stream创建 创建Stream创建Stream方式：创建Stream的方式1、通过Collection2、通过values3、通过Arrays4、通过file5、通过iterate创建,无限的创建6、通过Generate创建7、自定义Supplier，创建Stream使用范例1、Collection创建，输出值顺序与之前放入值顺序一致。范例： /** * 通过Collection创建Stream，数据顺序和放入顺序一致 * @return */ public static Stream<String> createStreamByCollection(){ List<String> list = Arrays.asList(new String("Hello"), new String("world"), new String("please")); return list.stream(); }2、values创建,输出值顺序与之前放入值顺序一致。范例： /** * 通过values创建Stream，顺序一直 * @return */ public static Stream<String> createStreamByValues(){ return Stream.of("Hello","world","please"); }3、Arrays创建,输出值顺序与之前放入值顺序一致。范例： /** * 3、通过Arrays创建，顺序一致 * @return */ public static Stream<String> createStreamByArrays(){ return Arrays.stream(new String[]{"Hello","world","please"}); }4、File创建范例： /** * 4、通过file创建 * @return */ public static Stream<String> createStreamByFile(){ Path path = Paths.get("D:\\software\\workspace\\IdeaProjects\\study\\study-java8\\src\\main\\java\\com\\example\\study\\java8\\streams\\CreateStream.java"); try { Stream<String> stream = Files.lines(path); return stream; } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage()); } }5、iterate无限的创建范例： /** * 5、通过iterate创建,无限的创建 * @return */ public static Stream<Integer> createStreamByIterate(){ return Stream.iterate(0, n->n+2).limit(10); } 6、Generate创建范例： /** * 6、通过Generate创建 * @return */ public static Stream<Double> crateStreamByGenerate(){ return Stream.generate(Math::random).limit(10); }7、自定义Supplier，创建Stream范例： /** * 自定义Supplier，创建Stream * @return */ public static Stream<Obj> createStreamByDefine(){ return Stream.generate(new ObjSupplier()).limit(10); } static class ObjSupplier implements Supplier<Obj> { int index =0; Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); @Override public Obj get() { index = random.nextInt(100); return new Obj(index, "Name->"+index); } } @Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor @ToString static class Obj{ private Integer id; private String name; }熟悉创建Stream后，就是使用其api进行开发了。

JAVA8方法推导 Lambda方法推导详细解析什么情况下可以进行方法推导?类的方法（静态方法）对象的方法构造方法自定义函数式接口范例：package com.example.study.java8.InterfaceFunction; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.List; import java.util.function.BiFunction; import java.util.function.Consumer; import java.util.function.Function; import java.util.function.Supplier; /** * 方法推导 * 什么情况下可以进行方法推导： * 1、类的方法（静态方法） * 2、对象的方法 * 3、构造方法 */ public class MethodReferenceUsageDemoOne { public static void main(String[] args) { //方法推导，范例一：类的方法 //原始写法 Consumer<String> consumer = s-> System.out.println(s); genericityConsumer(consumer, "hello"); //1、进化一 genericityConsumer(s->System.out.println(s), "world"); //2、进化二 genericityConsumer(System.out::println, "nice"); System.out.println("==========================="); //方法推导，范例二：类的方法 List<Apple> list = Arrays.asList(new Apple("red", 10) , new Apple("red", 60) , new Apple("blue", 40) , new Apple("black", 30) , new Apple("green", 80) , new Apple("blue", 90) , new Apple("green", 60) , new Apple("green", 50) , new Apple("red", 20)); System.out.println(list); list.sort((oneParameter,twoParameter)->oneParameter.getColor().compareTo(twoParameter.getColor())); System.out.println(list); System.out.println("============排序另一种写法==============="); //排序另一种写法 List<Apple> list2= Arrays.asList(new Apple("red", 10) , new Apple("red", 60) , new Apple("blue", 40) , new Apple("black", 30) , new Apple("green", 80) , new Apple("blue", 90) , new Apple("green", 60) , new Apple("green", 50) , new Apple("red", 20)); System.out.println(list2); list2.sort(Comparator.comparing(Apple::getColor)); //排序说明： //1、匿名内部类 //2、上面第一种写法 //3、上面第二种写法 //代码越来越简单 System.out.println("==========================="); //方法推导，范例三：类的方法 //原始写法 list.stream().forEach(apple->System.out.println(apple)); System.out.println("==========================="); //进化1 list.stream().forEach(System.out::println); System.out.println("==========================="); //方法推导，范例四：类的方法 //原始写法 Integer integer = Integer.parseInt("123"); System.out.println(integer); System.out.println("==========================="); //进化 Function<String, Integer> function = Integer::parseInt; Integer integerTwo = function.apply("321"); System.out.println(integerTwo); System.out.println("==========================="); //方法推导，范例五：对象的方法 BiFunction<String, Integer, Character> stringIntegerCharacterBiFunction = String::charAt; Character character = stringIntegerCharacterBiFunction.apply("Hello", 1); System.out.println(character); System.out.println("==========================="); //方法推导，范例六：构造方法,1个参数 Supplier<String> supplier = String::new; String str = supplier.get(); System.out.println(str.getClass()); System.out.println("==========================="); //方法推导，范例七：构造方法,2个参数 //说明：Apple::new; 就是掉构造方法，自动推导参数和类型 BiFunction<String,Integer,Apple> appleBiFunction = Apple::new; Apple apple = appleBiFunction.apply("red", 50); System.out.println(apple); System.out.println("==========================="); //方法推导，范例八：构造方法-自定义FunctionalInterface接口,多个参数 CustomThreeFunctionalInterface<String,Integer,String,ComplexApple> appleSupplier = ComplexApple::new; ComplexApple complexApple = appleSupplier.apply("苹果",20,"green"); System.out.println(complexApple); } /** * 泛型Consumer * @param consumer * @param t * @param <T> */ public static <T> void genericityConsumer(Consumer<T> consumer, T t){ consumer.accept(t); } } 自定义函数式接口package com.example.study.java8.InterfaceFunction; /** * 自定义多个参数函数接口，创建对象 */ @FunctionalInterface public interface CustomThreeFunctionalInterface<T, U, K, R> { R apply(T t, U u, K k); } ComplexApplepackage com.example.study.java8.InterfaceFunction; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; import lombok.ToString; /** * 多个参数，构造方法推导 */ @Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor @ToString public class ComplexApple { private String color; private Integer weight; private String name; } 主要讲解了，Lambda方法推导的常见用法。

Java8-functionInterface Lambda表达式用法用户范例package com.example.study.java8.InterfaceFunction; /** * lambda表达式用法 */ public class LambdaUsage { public static void main(String[] args) { Runnable runnable1 = ()-> System.out.println("hello"); Runnable runnable2 = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("hello"); } }; process(runnable1); process(runnable2); process(()-> System.out.println("hello")); } public static void process(Runnable runnable){ runnable.run(); } } 学习目标一、Predicate：诊断，返回boolean类型@FunctionalInterface public interface Predicate {/** * Evaluates this predicate on the given argument. * * @param t the input argument * @return {@code true} if the input argument matches the predicate, * otherwise {@code false} */ boolean test(T t);二、Consumer：消费者，没有返回类型@FunctionalInterface public interface Consumer {/** * Performs this operation on the given argument. * * @param t the input argument */ void accept(T t);三、Function：函数有返回值@FunctionalInterface public interface Function<T, R> {/** * Applies this function to the given argument. * * @param t the function argument * @return the function result */ R apply(T t);四、Supplier：生成者：返回一个对象@FunctionalInterface public interface Supplier {/** * Gets a result. * * @return a result */ T get();详细说明1、Predicate详细用法范例： package com.example.study.java8.InterfaceFunction; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.function.BiPredicate; import java.util.function.IntPredicate; import java.util.function.Predicate; /** * Lambda表达式的使用:Prodicate用法 */ public class LambdaUsagePredicate { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Apple> list = Arrays.asList(new Apple("red", 10) , new Apple("red", 60) , new Apple("blue", 40) , new Apple("black", 30) , new Apple("green", 80) , new Apple("blue", 90) , new Apple("green", 60) , new Apple("green", 50) , new Apple("red", 20)); //Predicate用法 List<Apple> filterList = filter(list, apple -> apple.getColor().equals("green")); for (Apple apple : filterList) { System.out.println(apple.toString()); } System.out.println("============================"); //其它类似Predicate用法 //IntegerPredicate用法 List<Apple> filterByWeight = predicateByWeight(list, weight -> weight == 60); for (Apple apple : filterByWeight) { System.out.println(apple.toString()); } System.out.println("============================"); //BiPredicate用法 List<Apple> biPredicateResult = biPredicateByColorAndWeight(list, (color, weight) -> { return color.equals("green") && weight == 60; }); for (Apple apple : biPredicateResult) { System.out.println(apple.toString()); } } //1、Predicate：诊断的用法 public static List<Apple> filter(List<Apple> sources, Predicate<Apple> predicate) { List<Apple> result = new ArrayList<>(); for (Apple apple : sources) { if (predicate.test(apple)) { result.add(apple); } } return result; } //2、其它类似Predicate用法 //IntegerPredicate用法 public static List<Apple> predicateByWeight(List<Apple> source, IntPredicate intPredicate) { List<Apple> result = new ArrayList<>(); for (Apple apple : source) { if (intPredicate.test(apple.getWeight())) { result.add(apple); } } return result; } //3、带2个参数的BiPredicate用法 public static List<Apple> biPredicateByColorAndWeight(List<Apple> source, BiPredicate<String, Integer> biPredicate) { List<Apple> result = new ArrayList<Apple>(); for (Apple apple : source) { if (biPredicate.test(apple.getColor(), apple.getWeight())) { result.add(apple); } } return result; } } 2、Consumer详细用法范例： package com.example.study.java8.InterfaceFunction; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.function.BiConsumer; import java.util.function.Consumer; /** * Lambda表达式：Consumer用法 */ public class LambdaUasgeConsumer { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Apple> list = Arrays.asList(new Apple("red", 10) , new Apple("red", 60) , new Apple("blue", 40) , new Apple("black", 30) , new Apple("green", 80) , new Apple("blue", 90) , new Apple("green", 60) , new Apple("green", 50) , new Apple("red", 20)); //1个参数调用 simpleUsageConsumer(list, apple -> System.out.println(apple.toString())); System.out.println("========================"); twoArgsUsageConsumer("我买了水果",list, (apple, name)->{ System.out.println(name+",颜色:"+apple.getColor()+"\t 重量:"+apple.getWeight()); }); } //1、一个参数用法 public static void simpleUsageConsumer(List<Apple> source, Consumer<Apple> consumer) { for (Apple apple : source) { consumer.accept(apple); } } //2、两个参数用法 public static void twoArgsUsageConsumer(String name, List<Apple> source, BiConsumer<Apple, String> consumer) { for (Apple apple : source) { consumer.accept(apple, name); } } } 3、Funcation详细用法范例：package com.example.study.java8.InterfaceFunction; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.function.BiFunction; import java.util.function.Function; import java.util.function.IntFunction; /** * Lambda表达式：Funcation用法 */ public class LambdaUsageFuncation { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Apple> list = Arrays.asList(new Apple("red", 10) , new Apple("red", 60) , new Apple("blue", 40) , new Apple("black", 30) , new Apple("green", 80) , new Apple("blue", 90) , new Apple("green", 60) , new Apple("green", 50) , new Apple("red", 20)); //1、2个参数调用 List<String> stringsUsageFuncation = simpleUsageFuncation(list, apple -> apple.getColor() + ":颜色"); for(String color: stringsUsageFuncation){ System.out.println(color); } System.out.println("============================"); //2、其它用法IntFuncation调用 List<Integer> integerList = intUsageFuncation(list, weight-> weight*20); for(Integer i : integerList){ System.out.println(i); } System.out.println("=============================="); //3、3个参数调用 Apple newApple = threeeUsageFuncation("彩色", 178, (newColor, newInteger) -> { return new Apple(newColor, newInteger); }); System.out.println(newApple.toString()); } //1、2个参数 简单用法 public static List<String> simpleUsageFuncation(List<Apple> source, Function<Apple, String> function){ List<String > result = new ArrayList<>(); for(Apple apple:source){ result.add(function.apply(apple)); } return result; } //2、其它用法IntFuncation public static List<Integer> intUsageFuncation(List<Apple> source, IntFunction<Integer> function){ List<Integer > result = new ArrayList<>(); for(Apple apple:source){ result.add(function.apply(apple.getWeight())); } return result; } //3、3个参数用法 public static Apple threeeUsageFuncation(String newColor, Integer newWeight, BiFunction<String, Integer, Apple> biFunction){ return biFunction.apply(newColor, newWeight); } } 4、Supplier详细用户范例：package com.example.study.java8.InterfaceFunction; import java.util.function.Supplier; /** * Lamdba表达式之Supplier用法 */ public class LambdaUsageSupplier { public static void main(String[] args) { //范例1 Supplier<String> stringSuppier = String::new; System.out.println(stringSuppier.get().getClass()); System.out.println("====================="); //范例2 Apple apple = createApple(() -> { return new Apple("五颜六色", 200); }); System.out.println(apple.toString()); } public static Apple createApple(Supplier<Apple> supplier){ return supplier.get(); } } 注意：参数类型package com.example.study.java8.InterfaceFunction; /** * 参数类型注意 */ public class ArgsCase { public static void main(String[] args) { int i =0; Runnable runnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { //i会报错提示： //Variable 'i' is accessed from within inner class, needs to be final or effectively final // i++; } }; i++; //Lambda表达式 Runnable runnable1 = ()->{ //i同样报错提示： //Variable used in lambda expression should be final or effectively final // System.out.println(i); }; i++; } }